Docker images are huge

• hard to iterate locally

• CI is slow and flaky

Docker may be the only sane approach to reproduction because of dependency hell

• development is fast and libraries are breaking compatibility quickly so managing transitive dependencies is a hell of an effort

Hard to get started with a decent performance at a low budget due to prior knowledge about CPU/GPUs in addition to ML engineering

Not enough architecture support from dependencies

• ARM vs Intel

Versioning of data is difficult and slow due to its size

Hard to spot errors due to the non-deterministic nature

Using the same model for learning and inference is costly, and significant accuracy loss due to quantization